Txheeb Xyuas Ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov Raws Li Cov Qauv Thiab Kev Loj Hlob Los Ntawm 16 Cov Tub Rog Tshiab (1)

Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis ib txwm yog ib daim teb tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis txhim kho ntawm cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb. Ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv siv thev naus laus zis, siv tshuab biotechnology, thiab lub zog thev naus laus zis, nws tau lees paub tias yog noob neej niaj hnub no thiab rau lub sijhawm zoo rau yav tom ntej. Cov ntaub ntawv HighS Technology tseem yog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev txhawb nqa niaj hnub uas txhawb nqa kev ua neej rau tib neeg, thiab nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub teb chaws tiv thaiv lub teb chaws. Kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam feem ntau yog tus neeg siv khoom siv tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab cov khoom siv tshiab hauv kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam thiab riam phom thiab khoom siv.

Cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog cov tub rog tshiab yog cov khoom siv tshiab ntawm cov riam phom thiab khoom siv, thiab tseem muaj cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov tub rog lub ntiaj teb. Cov tub rog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thev naus laus zis yog cov khoom siv cov tub rog tshiab siv rau hauv cov tub rog ua tub rog thiab khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog siab thev naus laus zis. Lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb tau txuas nrog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov tub rog cov cuab yeej ua tub rog tshiab. Ua kom muaj kev txhim kho cov tub rog cov ntaub ntawv ua tub rog tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua thawj coj ua tub rog.

Daim ntawv thov cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tub rog tshiab cov tub rog tshiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm raws li lawv cov kev siv. Lawv feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam aviation, Aerospace kev lag luam, kev lag luam riam phom thiab nkoj hluav taws xob.
Cov tub rog cov qauv khoom 1. Alloy alloy aluminium alloy yeej ib txwm siv cov cuab yeej hlau siv hauv kev ua tub rog kev lag luam. Aluminium alloy muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ceev qis, lub zog siab thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem, nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov profiles, cov hlau siab, yog li muab cov khoom sib tw zoo heev rau cov khoom siv thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv Cov. Yog li ntawd, aluminium alloy yog lub teeb ci ntsa iab cov khoom siv rau riam phom kev ua riam phom nyuaj. Hauv kev lag luam aviation, aluminium alloy yog siv los tsim cov cuab yeej siv dav hlau, bulkheads, ntev ci thiab honing tuav; Hauv Kev Lag Luam Aerospace, Alloy Alloy yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tawm tsav tsheb thiab lub nkoj dav dav. Hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Riam phom, Alloy Alloy tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm sib ntaus thiab thauj cov tsheb thauj khoom. Cov neeg siv phom tsis ntev los no Howitzer Mounts kuj siv ntau tus naj npawb tshiab txhuas alloy cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, kev siv cov txhuas alloy hauv Aerospace kev lag luam tau poob qis, tab sis nws tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tub rog kev lag luam. Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm aluminium alloys yog mus caum siab siab, siab zog, siab nruj thiab kub tsis kam. Cov txhuas alloys siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tub rog tsuas yog suav alloys alloys (2000 series) thiab alloys alloys (7000 series). Cov tshiab aluminium alloys tau siv hauv kev lag luam aviation, thiab nws yog kwv yees tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov dav hlau yuav poob los 8 ~ 15%; Aluminium-lithium alloys tseem yuav los ua tus neeg sib tw cov ntaub ntawv rau lub dav hlau thiab nyias-phab ntsa rho nyiaj nruab nrab. Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm Aerospace kev lag luam, cov kev tshawb fawb tsom ntawm Alloys Alloys tseem yuav daws cov teeb meem tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov tuab thiab txo tus nqi. 2. Magnesium alloys ua lub teeb ci ntsa iab hlau cov khoom, muaj zog ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo li lub teeb pom kev zoo, thiab cua sov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv lub peev xwm, thiab kev co hluav taws xob ntau, thiab cov khoom siv zoo Ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tub rog teb xws li aerospace, niaj hnub riam phom thiab khoom siv. Magnesium alloys tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv tub rog, cov chaw tso dej, cov roj tso kua roj, cov roj twj tso kua mis, cov roj cua twj tso pa tawm, Cov tsev tshuab lim, cov npog valve, ua pa rau lwm tus thiab lwm yam tsheb; Cov kev tiv thaiv huab cua tactical thiab ileron tawv nqaij, lub zog hluav taws xob, cov paib hlau, cov pob tw, bulkheads thiab lwm yam foob pob; Lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua, tsoo, dav hlau, huab cua tua hluav taws, tshav dav hlau, satellites thiab lwm yam nkoj sab nraud. Magnesium alloys yog lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav, zoo nyob rau hauv lub zog tshwj xeeb, zoo nyob rau hauv kev yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txo tau, zoo nyob rau hauv kev cai txo lub peev xwm ntawm cov tub rog rau kev nqus cov hnyav, nqus tau pa, thiab hluav taws xob kev tiv thaiv, thiab hluav taws xob zam. Nws muaj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb heev hauv Aerospace thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, thiab yog cov khib nyiab tseem ceeb, cov khib nyiab, tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lwm yam riam phom. 3. Titanium alloy Titanium alloy muaj siab tensile lub zog (447mpa), qhov kub tsawg dua (4.5 degree) thiab kub zoo Lub teeb yuag cov khoom siv. Titanium alloy muaj cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm superplasticity. Los ntawm kev siv superplastic tsim-diffusion bollishion bonding thev naus laus zis, cov alloy tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom lag luam nrog cov khoom siv ntau thiab cov khoom siv me me. Daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium alloy hauv kev lag luam aviation yog feem ntau los ua cov dav hlau fusel cov qauv, kev txhawb nqa kab teeb, tshuab compressor discs, hniav thiab pob qij txha; Hauv kev lag luam Aerospace, cov titanium alloy yog siv los ua cov khoom siv-tshuab hluav taws xob, ntim cov pob zeb ua pob tawb thiab cov pob zeb tsis sib xws thiab lwm qhov chaw. Thaum xyoo 1950, kev lag luam ntshiab Titanium yog siv los ua cov tshuab kub, tus tw tus nees tawm, ua kom nrawm nrawm thiab lwm cov tub rog ua tub rog; Nyob rau hauv 1960s, daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium alloys hauv cov dav hlau buldheads, tsaws iav kab teeb thiab lwm yam kev ruaj khov-cov kabmob qauv; Txij li xyoo 1970, kev siv titanium alloys hauv tub rog dav hlau thiab tshuab tau nce siab sai, los ntawm cov neeg sib zog ua tub rog loj tub rog thiab tsheb thauj mus los. Nws siv hauv F14 thiab F15 aircraft account rau 25% ntawm cov txheej txheem hnyav, thiab nws siv hauv F100 thiab TF39 engines ncav 25% thiab 33% feem; Tom qab 1980s, titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tau ua tiav kev loj hlob ntxiv, thiab cov dav hlau B1B yuav tsum muaj 90402 kg ntawm titanium. Ntawm cov alloium uas twb muaj lawm rau aerospace, feem ntau dav siv yog ntau lub hom phiaj A + {{444} {v tagnrho. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, West thiab Russia tau ua tiav ob hom ntawm titanium alloys, uas muaj kev kub siab, muaj zog, nplaim taws-retardant titanium alloys. Cov ob siab tshaj plaws titanium alloys muaj cov ntawv thov zoo nyob rau yav tom ntej Aerospace kev lag luam.

Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog niaj hnub no, cov tub rog xav tau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm siab dua li cas, kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau ntev. Ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm Advancer Tshuab yog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tshiab. Lub teeb pom kev ntawm tus kheej-propelled artillery turrets, Cheebtsam, thiab cov txheej txheem hlau lub teeb yog ib qho kev tsis sib xws hauv kev txhim kho riam phom. Nyob rau hauv lub prosuring kev ua kom muaj zog thiab kev tiv thaiv, titanium alloys tau siv dav siv riam phom tub rog. Kev siv titanium alloy nyob rau hauv 155 artillery recoil nres tsis tuaj yeem txo qis deformation ntawm rab phom phom los ntawm kev sib tsoo, zoo txhim kho cov kev sib tsoo ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm kev sib tsoo. Qee cov khoom siv nyuaj ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib ntaus sib tua loj thiab cov lus tsis zoo yog ua tau los ntawm cov khoom lag luam titanium ntau, tsis tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Tau ntev dhau los yav dhau los, daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium alloys tau txwv ntau heev vim yog tus nqi loj. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, teb chaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau nquag tsim cov roj av tsawg, thaum txo tus nqi, lawv kuj yuav tsum tau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm titanium alloys. Hauv kuv lub teb chaws, tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm titanium alloys tseem muaj siab dua. Nrog rau maj mam nce hauv kev siv titanium alloys, nrhiav cov nqi tsim khoom qis yog ib qho kev tsis paub tab hauv kev txhim kho titanium alloys. 4. Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw 4.1 cov ntaub ntawv sau ua ke muaj cov khoom siv los ua kom zoo, muaj zog ua kom muaj zog, kev poob siab, tsis muaj zog dielcal, tsawg thermal conductivity thiab lwm yam Cov yam ntxwv, thiab tau siv dav hauv kev ua tub rog kev lag luam. Resin-based composite cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg: thermosetting thiab thermoplastic. Thermogosetting cob qhia cov khoom siv yog ib hom khoom siv sib xyaw uas yog raws ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ntxiv rau ntau yam kev txhawb nqa kev txhawb nqa; Thaum thermoplastic resins yog ib hom ntawm linear polymer compound uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua voscous, thiab tawv rau hauv cov khoom tom qab txias. Resin-based composite cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov khoom siv zoo ntxiv, kev npaj kho yooj yim, thiab cov khoom siv tau ntau. Hauv kev lag luam aviation, cov ntaub ntawv cob qhia yog siv los tsim cov dav hlau wings, fuselages, canards, kab rov tav thiab cav ducts; nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws aerospace teb, cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg yog tsis tsuas yog siv cov ntaub pua plag, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov pob txha sib txuas ntawm pob zeb pob zeb, thiab tseem siv tau raws li ablative cua sov-resistant cov ntaub ntawv rau lub cav nozzles. Tus tshiab Resin Composite cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no muaj qhov zoo ntawm noo noo zog, zoo microwave dielectric cov yam ntxwv, thiab zoo seem ruaj khov. Lawv tau dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv ntawm Aerospace kev, theem theem pib ntawm lub dav hlau, thiab kav hlau txais xov hluav taws xob. 4.2 Raws li cov khoom siv hlau hluav taws xob muaj lub zog loj, cov khoom siv kub muaj zog, muaj hluav taws xob zoo, thiab hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal. Lawv tau siv dav hauv kev ua tub rog kev lag luam. Aluminium, magnesium, thiab titanium yog lub ntsiab matrices ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau raws li feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: fibers, hais, thiab whiskers. Ntawm lawv, particle-txhawb cov khoom siv txhuas tau nkag mus ua qauv pov thawj, thiab lawv lub zog txhav thiab lub neej zoo dua qub. Carbon Fiber txhawb koob aluminium thiab magnesium-raws li lub zog, thiab yog qhov chaw ua lag luam zoo nkauj, ua yeeb yam litificate parabolic antennoled, lwm yam .; Silicon Carbide Party txhawb nqa Aluminium-raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem siv ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov, thiab cov khoom siv laser thiab laser thiab cov khoom siv avatisures zoo, thiab lwm yam.; Silicon Carbide Fiber Refosterced tentanium-raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov kub ua kom sov, thiab yog cov qauv tsim zoo zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob siab. Lawv tau nkag mus rau theem kev sim ntawm cov cav hauv siab. Hauv kev lag luam ntawm Riam Phom, siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem siv rau cov loj-tank carreting diss-purcing lub cav zoo nkauj thiab lwm qhov chaw los txo qhov hnyav ntawm Kev tso cua daj cua dub thiab txhim kho kev sib ntaus muaj peev xwm. 4.3 Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke yog ib lo lus dav dav rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev txhawb nqa, Whiskers lossis ua ke nrog Ceramic Matrices los ntawm ib tug txheej txheem muaj qee yam. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov kev sib xyaw ua ke yog cov ntaub ntawv multiphase muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm lub theem ob tivthaiv qhia rau hauv cov kab ke ceramic. Nws kov yeej txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ceramic thiab tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov nquag tshawb fawb kev tshawb fawb. Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub zog zoo heev, thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb txhawb nqa rau kev ua tub rog kev ua tub rog. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ceramic muaj kev ua tau zoo-kub, lawv muaj nkig heev. Cov hau kev los txhim kho qhov brittleness ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic suav nrog theem hloov pauv tawv, micridack kev ua kom tawv, dispersed hlau ua kom nruj thiab ua kom muaj zog puv. Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke yog siv los ua kom muaj cov tawv nqaij ua kom zoo rau kev txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob thrust-rau-hnyav piv. 4.4 Cov pa roj carbon-carbon-carbon composites carbon-carbon composites muaj composites muaj cov fiber fiber ntau ntxiv thiab cov carbon mattrices. Cov pa roj carbon-carbon composites muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li muaj lub zog loj, zoo thermal poob siab, thiab tsim nyog tau txais. Kev txhim kho cov pa roj carbon-carbon composite yog ze ze rau txoj hlua khi kom muaj ntawm aerospace technology. Txij li thaum 1980s, kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv carbon-carbon composite tau nkag rau theem ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab nthuav tawm cov ntawv thov. Hauv kev lag luam tub rog, cov khoom siv muag tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj carbon-carbon rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon-carbon pupbon dav hlau. Cov pa roj carbon-carbon composite feem ntau yog siv raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib thooj thiab cov ntaub ntawv thermal cov ntaub ntawv hauv aerospace. Tshwj xeeb, lawv raug siv los ua lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag ntawm Intercontinental Beaneads, pob foob pob hluav taws xob, pob zeb ua pob zeb thiab koojtis ntoo thiab tis. Tam sim no, qhov ceev ntawm siab heev carbon-carbon nozzle cov ntaub ntawv yog 1.87 ~ 1.97 g / cubic centimeter, thiab lub hoop tensile lub zog yog 75 ~ 115 mpa. Cov khoom lag luam tsis ntev los no ntev muaj kev sib deev Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub av kho tshuab, kev thauj khoom loj ntawm cov dav hlau nce, uas txo qis dua thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm lub dav hlau. Cov khoom siv carbon-carbon cov khoom siv yog lub teeb yuag, cov kub tiv taus kub, nqus cov khoom loj, thiab muaj cov tshuaj txhuam kom zoo. Nres pads ua los ntawm lawv tau dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kub-ceev tub rog dav hlau. 5. Ultra-siab lub zog steel ultra-siab zog steel yog ib tug steel nrog ib tug cog lus muaj zog thiab tensile muaj zog tshaj 1200 MPa thiab 1400 mpa. Nws tau tshawb fawb thiab tsim los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog tshwj xeeb hauv cov qauv dav hlau. Vim yog kev nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium alloys thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw hauv cov dav hlau tau poob rau hauv cov dav hlau yog tseem ua cov roj ultra siab. Tam sim no, tus sawv cev thoob ntiaj teb tsawg-alloy ultra-siab lub zog steel 300m yog ib qho steel rau cov dav hlau tsaws iav. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsawg-alloy ultra-siab lub zog steel d6ac yog ib tus neeg raug Rocket cav lub cav tshuab ua cas. Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm ultra-siab zog hlau yog mus txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev nruj thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion thaum ua kom muaj zog ultra-siab. 6. Kev siab siab-kub alloys siab-allo kub yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev siv lub zog aerospace. Kev kub kub alloys yog alloys uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qee yam kev ntxhov siab ntawm 600 ~ 1200 degree thiab muaj oxidation thiab corrosion tsis kam. Lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv uas nyiam tshaj plaws rau Aerospace lub cav lim hlau lim hlau. Raws li cov sib txawv matrix Cheebtsam, muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau pawg tau muab faib ua peb pawg: hlau raws li, raws li kev cob qhia thiab cobalt-based. Ua ntej xyoo 1960, lub tshuab tshuab hluav taws xob tau ua los ntawm kev siv cov hmoov ua kom zoo, nrog cov qhab nia ua haujlwm sai sai rene9 los ua cfm56. Nws cov kev sib tw hnyav-rau-hnyav piv thiab nce nws txoj kev ua haujlwm kub. Txij thaum ntawd los, hmoov metallurgy Turbine Discs tau tsim sai. Tsis ntev los no, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau txais yuav lub siab-nruab nrab ntawm lub zog turbine disc tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj pleev kom dim sai sai txheej txheem. Piv nrog hmoov high-kub alloys, cov txheej txheem yooj yim, tus nqi yog txo, thiab nws tau forging ua kev ua tau zoo. Nws yog kev npaj thev naus laus zis nrog cov peev xwm txhim kho loj. 7. Tungsten Alloy Tungsten muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws melting point ntawm cov hlau. Nws tau zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov siab melting taw qhia coj zoo siab-kub ua rau cov khoom siv tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv riam phom chaw. Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua kev tshav ntuj ntawm ntau lub caj pas armor-tho projts. Tungsten alloys paub cov nplej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab elongate qhov kev qhia siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhim kho cov khoom muaj zog loj thiab txhim kho lub zog. Lub tungsten cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm 125ⅱ armor-tho projectile rau cov tso tsheb hlau loj tsim hauv kuv lub tebchaws yog W-Ni-FE. Nws tau txais kev nce qib sib txawv compact sintering sinter txheej txheem, thiab qhov ua tau zoo nruab nrab txog 1200 mpa thiab elongation ntau dua 15%. Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua yog kom nkag 600 hli tuab homogeneous steel armor ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2000 meters. Tam sim no, tungsten alloys tau siv dav hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua loj, thiab nruab nrab ntawm huab cua ua rog-tho lub zog ua tej cuab yeej cuab yeej. Qhov no ua rau ntau qhov prooder-tho projectiles muaj lub zog loj dua. 8. Intermetallic cov tebchaw intermetallic cov lus sib xyaw ua ke muaj superlattice qauv thiab tswj hwm cov khoom siv thiab tshuaj siv tshuaj kho kom zoo thiab cov tshuaj kho kom zoo. Intermetallic tebchaw muaj lub zog zoo heev thiab tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb tshiab uas tau nquag kawm hauv tsev thiab txawv teb rau xyoo tas los no. Hauv kev lag luam tub rog, intermetallic cov tebchaw tau siv los tsim cov khoom uas yog lub tshuab Asmeskas cov pa roj tsim los ntawm Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog Hluav Taws Xob uas siv cov titanium txhuas, Lwm yam, thiab Russia siv titanium txhuas intermetallic hloov chaw ua pa hluav taws xob alloys li piston saum, uas zoo heev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav. Hauv kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam Riam phom, cov khoom siv ntawm lub tank tshuab supercharger supremine yog K18 npib tsib xee-raws li kev kub-raws li cov kub kub siab. Vim tias nws cov kev sib nqus high condity thiab pib loj inertia, nws cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau nrawm nrawm ntawm lub tank. Daim ntawv thov ntawm Titanium Aluminium Aluminium Intermetallic Tebchaw thiab lawv cov khoom oxidation tau zoo heev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tank.